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Tomcat在SpringBoot中是如何啟動的
發(fā)表時間:2019-9-13
發(fā)布人:葵宇科技
瀏覽次數(shù):65
作者丨木木匠
編輯丨Java知音
juejin.im/post/5d3f95ebf265da039e12959e
前言
我們知道SpringBoot給我們帶來了一個全新的開發(fā)體驗,我們可以直接把web程序達(dá)成jar包,直接啟動,這就得益于SpringBoot內(nèi)置了容器,可以直接啟動,本文將以Tomcat為例,來看看SpringBoot是如何啟動Tomcat的,同時也將展開學(xué)習(xí)下Tomcat的源碼,了解Tomcat的設(shè)計。從 Main 方法說起
用過SpringBoot的人都知道,首先要寫一個main方法來啟動 @SpringBootApplicationpublic class TomcatdebugApplication {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(TomcatdebugApplication.class, args);
}
}
我們直接點擊run方法的源碼,跟蹤下來,發(fā)下最終 的run方法是調(diào)用ConfigurableApplicationContext方法,源碼如下: public ConfigurableApplicationContext run(String... args) {
StopWatch stopWatch = new StopWatch();
stopWatch.start();
ConfigurableApplicationContext context = null;
Collection<SpringBootExceptionReporter> exceptionReporters = new ArrayList<>();
//設(shè)置系統(tǒng)屬性『java.awt.headless』,為true則啟用headless模式支持
configureHeadlessProperty();
//通過*SpringFactoriesLoader*檢索*META-INF/spring.factories*,
//找到聲明的所有SpringApplicationRunListener的實現(xiàn)類并將其實例化,
//之后逐個調(diào)用其started()方法,廣播SpringBoot要開始執(zhí)行了
SpringApplicationRunListeners listeners = getRunListeners(args);
//發(fā)布應(yīng)用開始啟動事件
listeners.starting();
try {
//初始化參數(shù)
ApplicationArguments applicationArguments = new DefaultApplicationArguments(args);
//創(chuàng)建并配置當(dāng)前SpringBoot應(yīng)用將要使用的Environment(包括配置要使用的PropertySource以及Profile),
//并遍歷調(diào)用所有的SpringApplicationRunListener的environmentPrepared()方法,廣播Environment準(zhǔn)備完畢。
ConfigurableEnvironment environment = prepareEnvironment(listeners, applicationArguments);
configureIgnoreBeanInfo(environment);
//打印banner
Banner printedBanner = printBanner(environment);
//創(chuàng)建應(yīng)用上下文
context = createApplicationContext();
//通過*SpringFactoriesLoader*檢索*META-INF/spring.factories*,獲取并實例化異常分析器
exceptionReporters = getSpringFactoriesInstances(SpringBootExceptionReporter.class,
new Class[] { ConfigurableApplicationContext.class }, context);
//為ApplicationContext加載environment,之后逐個執(zhí)行ApplicationContextInitializer的initialize()方法來進(jìn)一步封裝ApplicationContext,
//并調(diào)用所有的SpringApplicationRunListener的contextPrepared()方法,【EventPublishingRunListener只提供了一個空的contextPrepared()方法】,
//之后初始化IoC容器,并調(diào)用SpringApplicationRunListener的contextLoaded()方法,廣播ApplicationContext的IoC加載完成,
//這里就包括通過**@EnableAutoConfiguration**導(dǎo)入的各種自動配置類。
prepareContext(context, environment, listeners, applicationArguments, printedBanner);
//刷新上下文
refreshContext(context);
//再一次刷新上下文,其實是空方法,可能是為了后續(xù)擴(kuò)展。
afterRefresh(context, applicationArguments);
stopWatch.stop();
if (this.logStartupInfo) {
new StartupInfoLogger(this.mainApplicationClass).logStarted(getApplicationLog(), stopWatch);
}
//發(fā)布應(yīng)用已經(jīng)啟動的事件
listeners.started(context);
//遍歷所有注冊的ApplicationRunner和CommandLineRunner,并執(zhí)行其run()方法。
//我們可以實現(xiàn)自己的ApplicationRunner或者CommandLineRunner,來對SpringBoot的啟動過程進(jìn)行擴(kuò)展。
callRunners(context, applicationArguments);
}
catch (Throwable ex) {
handleRunFailure(context, ex, exceptionReporters, listeners);
throw new IllegalStateException(ex);
}
try {
//應(yīng)用已經(jīng)啟動完成的監(jiān)聽事件
listeners.running(context);
}
catch (Throwable ex) {
handleRunFailure(context, ex, exceptionReporters, null);
throw new IllegalStateException(ex);
}
return context;
}
其實這個方法我們可以簡單的總結(jié)下步驟為
- 配置屬性
- 獲取監(jiān)聽器,發(fā)布應(yīng)用開始啟動事件
- 初始化輸入?yún)?shù)
- 配置環(huán)境,輸出banner
- 創(chuàng)建上下文
- 預(yù)處理上下文
- 刷新上下文
- 再刷新上下文
- 發(fā)布應(yīng)用已經(jīng)啟動事件
- 發(fā)布應(yīng)用啟動完成事件
Class<?> contextClass = this.applicationContextClass;
if (contextClass == null) {
try {
switch (this.webApplicationType) {
case SERVLET:
contextClass = Class.forName(DEFAULT_SERVLET_WEB_CONTEXT_CLASS);
break;
case REACTIVE:
contextClass = Class.forName(DEFAULT_REACTIVE_WEB_CONTEXT_CLASS);
break;
default:
contextClass = Class.forName(DEFAULT_CONTEXT_CLASS);
}
}
catch (ClassNotFoundException ex) {
throw new IllegalStateException(
"Unable create a default ApplicationContext, " + "please specify an ApplicationContextClass",
ex);
}
}
return (ConfigurableApplicationContext) BeanUtils.instantiateClass(contextClass);
}
這里就是根據(jù)我們的webApplicationType 來判斷創(chuàng)建哪種類型的Servlet,代碼中分別對應(yīng)著Web類型(SERVLET),響應(yīng)式Web類型(REACTIVE),非Web類型(default),我們建立的是Web類型,所以肯定實例化
DEFAULT_SERVLET_WEB_CONTEXT_CLASS指定的類,也就是AnnotationConfigServletWebServerApplicationContext類,我們來用圖來說明下這個類的關(guān)系
private void refreshContext(ConfigurableApplicationContext context) {
//直接調(diào)用刷新方法
refresh(context);
if (this.registerShutdownHook) {
try {
context.registerShutdownHook();
}
catch (AccessControlException ex) {
// Not allowed in some environments.
}
}
}
//類:SpringApplication.java
protected void refresh(ApplicationContext applicationContext) {
Assert.isInstanceOf(AbstractApplicationContext.class, applicationContext);
((AbstractApplicationContext) applicationContext).refresh();
}
這里還是直接傳遞調(diào)用本類的refresh(context)方法,最后是強轉(zhuǎn)成父類AbstractApplicationContext調(diào)用其refresh()方法,該代碼如下: // 類:AbstractApplicationContext
public void refresh() throws BeansException, IllegalStateException {
synchronized (this.startupShutdownMonitor) {
// Prepare this context for refreshing.
prepareRefresh();
// Tell the subclass to refresh the internal bean factory.
ConfigurableListableBeanFactory beanFactory = obtainFreshBeanFactory();
// Prepare the bean factory for use in this context.
prepareBeanFactory(beanFactory);
try {
// Allows post-processing of the bean factory in context subclasses.
postProcessBeanFactory(beanFactory);
// Invoke factory processors registered as beans in the context.
invokeBeanFactoryPostProcessors(beanFactory);
// Register bean processors that intercept bean creation.
registerBeanPostProcessors(beanFactory);
// Initialize message source for this context.
initMessageSource();
// Initialize event multicaster for this context.
initApplicationEventMulticaster();
// Initialize other special beans in specific context subclasses.這里的意思就是調(diào)用各個子類的onRefresh()
>// Check for listener beans and register them.
registerListeners();
// Instantiate all remaining (non-lazy-init) singletons.
finishBeanFactoryInitialization(beanFactory);
// Last step: publish corresponding event.
finishRefresh();
}
catch (BeansException ex) {
if (logger.isWarnEnabled()) {
logger.warn("Exception encountered during context initialization - " +
"cancelling refresh attempt: " + ex);
}
// Destroy already created singletons to avoid dangling resources.
destroyBeans();
// Reset 'active' flag.
cancelRefresh(ex);
// Propagate exception to caller.
throw ex;
}
finally {
// Reset common introspection caches in Spring's core, since we
// might not ever need metadata for singleton beans anymore...
resetCommonCaches();
}
}
}
這里我們看到onRefresh()方法是調(diào)用其子類的實現(xiàn),根據(jù)我們上文的分析,我們這里的子類是ServletWebServerApplicationContext。 //類:ServletWebServerApplicationContext
protected void onRefresh() {
super.onRefresh();
try {
createWebServer();
}
catch (Throwable ex) {
throw new ApplicationContextException("Unable to start web server", ex);
}
}
private void createWebServer() {
WebServer webServer = this.webServer;
ServletContext servletContext = getServletContext();
if (webServer == null && servletContext == null) {
ServletWebServerFactory factory = getWebServerFactory();
this.webServer = factory.getWebServer(getSelfInitializer());
}
else if (servletContext != null) {
try {
getSelfInitializer().onStartup(servletContext);
}
catch (ServletException ex) {
throw new ApplicationContextException("Cannot initialize servlet context", ex);
}
}
initPropertySources();
}
到這里,其實廬山真面目已經(jīng)出來了,createWebServer()就是啟動web服務(wù),但是還沒有真正啟動Tomcat,既然webServer是通過ServletWebServerFactory來獲取的,我們就來看看這個工廠的真面目。
走進(jìn)Tomcat內(nèi)部
根據(jù)上圖我們發(fā)現(xiàn),工廠類是一個接口,各個具體服務(wù)的實現(xiàn)是由各個子類來實現(xiàn)的,所以我們就去看看TomcatServletWebServerFactory.getWebServer()的實現(xiàn)。public WebServer getWebServer(ServletContextInitializer... initializers) {
Tomcat tomcat = new Tomcat();
File baseDir = (this.baseDirectory != null) ? this.baseDirectory : createTempDir("tomcat");
tomcat.setBaseDir(baseDir.getAbsolutePath());
Connector connector = new Connector(this.protocol);
tomcat.getService().addConnector(connector);
customizeConnector(connector);
tomcat.setConnector(connector);
tomcat.getHost().setAutoDeploy(false);
configureEngine(tomcat.getEngine());
for (Connector additionalConnector : this.additionalTomcatConnectors) {
tomcat.getService().addConnector(additionalConnector);
}
prepareContext(tomcat.getHost(), initializers);
return getTomcatWebServer(tomcat);
}
根據(jù)上面的代碼,我們發(fā)現(xiàn)其主要做了兩件事情,第一件事就是把Connnctor(我們稱之為連接器)對象添加到Tomcat中,第二件事就是configureEngine,這連接器我們勉強能理解(不理解后面會述說),那這個Engine是什么呢? 我們查看tomcat.getEngine()的源碼: public Engine getEngine() {
Service service = getServer().findServices()[0];
if (service.getContainer() != null) {
return service.getContainer();
}
Engine engine = new StandardEngine();
engine.setName( "Tomcat" );
engine.setDefaultHost(hostname);
engine.setRealm(createDefaultRealm());
service.setContainer(engine);
return engine;
}
根據(jù)上面的源碼,我們發(fā)現(xiàn),原來這個Engine是容器,我們繼續(xù)跟蹤源碼,找到Container接口
If used, an Engine is always the top level Container in a Catalina
* hierarchy. Therefore, the implementation's <code>setParent()</code> method
* should throw <code>IllegalArgumentException</code>.
*
* @author Craig R. McClanahan
*/
public interface Engine extends Container {
//省略代碼
}
/**
* <p>
* The parent Container attached to a Host is generally an Engine, but may
* be some other implementation, or may be omitted if it is not necessary.
* <p>
* The child containers attached to a Host are generally implementations
* of Context (representing an individual servlet context).
*
* @author Craig R. McClanahan
*/
public interface Host extends Container {
//省略代碼
}
/*** <p>
* The parent Container attached to a Context is generally a Host, but may
* be some other implementation, or may be omitted if it is not necessary.
* <p>
* The child containers attached to a Context are generally implementations
* of Wrapper (representing individual servlet definitions).
* <p>
*
* @author Craig R. McClanahan
*/
public interface Context extends Container, ContextBind {
//省略代碼
}
/**<p>
* The parent Container attached to a Wrapper will generally be an
* implementation of Context, representing the servlet context (and
* therefore the web application) within which this servlet executes.
* <p>
* Child Containers are not allowed>@author Craig R. McClanahan
*/
public interface Wrapper extends Container {
//省略代碼
}
上面的注釋翻譯過來就是,Engine是最高級別的容器,其子容器是Host,Host的子容器是Context,Wrapper是Context的子容器,所以這4個容器的關(guān)系就是父子關(guān)系,也就是Engine>Host>Context>Wrapper。 我們再看看Tomcat類的源碼: //部分源碼,其余部分省略。
public class Tomcat {
//設(shè)置連接器
public void setConnector(Connector connector) {
Service service = getService();
boolean found = false;
for (Connector serviceConnector : service.findConnectors()) {
if (connector == serviceConnector) {
found = true;
}
}
if (!found) {
service.addConnector(connector);
}
}
//獲取service
public Service getService() {
return getServer().findServices()[0];
}
//設(shè)置Host容器
public void setHost(Host host) {
Engine engine = getEngine();
boolean found = false;
for (Container engineHost : engine.findChildren()) {
if (engineHost == host) {
found = true;
}
}
if (!found) {
engine.addChild(host);
}
}
//獲取Engine容器
public Engine getEngine() {
Service service = getServer().findServices()[0];
if (service.getContainer() != null) {
return service.getContainer();
}
Engine engine = new StandardEngine();
engine.setName( "Tomcat" );
engine.setDefaultHost(hostname);
engine.setRealm(createDefaultRealm());
service.setContainer(engine);
return engine;
}
//獲取server
public Server getServer() {
if (server != null) {
return server;
}
System.setProperty("catalina.useNaming", "false");
server = new StandardServer();
initBaseDir();
// Set configuration source
ConfigFileLoader.setSource(new CatalinaBaseConfigurationSource(new File(basedir), null));
server.setPort( -1 );
Service service = new StandardService();
service.setName("Tomcat");
server.addService(service);
return server;
}
//添加Context容器
public Context addContext(Host host, String contextPath, String contextName,
String dir) {
silence(host, contextName);
Context ctx = createContext(host, contextPath);
ctx.setName(contextName);
ctx.setPath(contextPath);
ctx.setDocBase(dir);
ctx.addLifecycleListener(new FixContextListener());
if (host == null) {
getHost().addChild(ctx);
} else {
host.addChild(ctx);
}
//添加Wrapper容器
public static Wrapper addServlet(Context ctx,
String servletName,
Servlet servlet) {
// will do class for name and set init params
Wrapper sw = new ExistingStandardWrapper(servlet);
sw.setName(servletName);
ctx.addChild(sw);
return sw;
}
}
閱讀Tomcat的getServer()我們可以知道,Tomcat的最頂層是Server,Server就是Tomcat的實例,一個Tomcat一個Server;通過getEngine()我們可以了解到Server下面是Service,而且是多個,一個Service代表我們部署的一個應(yīng)用,而且我們還可以知道,Engine容器,一個service只有一個; 根據(jù)父子關(guān)系,我們看setHost()源碼可以知道,host容器有多個; 同理,我們發(fā)現(xiàn)addContext()源碼下,Context也是多個; addServlet()表明Wrapper容器也是多個,而且這段代碼也暗示了,其實Wrapper和Servlet是一層意思。 另外我們根據(jù)setConnector源碼可以知道,連接器(Connector)是設(shè)置在service下的,而且是可以設(shè)置多個連接器(Connector)。 根據(jù)上面分析,我們可以小結(jié)下: Tomcat主要包含了2個核心組件,連接器(Connector)和容器(Container),用圖表示如下:
總結(jié)
SpringBoot的啟動是通過new SpringApplication()實例來啟動的,啟動過程主要做如下幾件事情:- 配置屬性
- 獲取監(jiān)聽器,發(fā)布應(yīng)用開始啟動事件
- 初始化輸入?yún)?shù)
- 配置環(huán)境,輸出banner
- 創(chuàng)建上下文
- 預(yù)處理上下文
- 刷新上下文
- 再刷新上下文
- 發(fā)布應(yīng)用已經(jīng)啟動事件
- 發(fā)布應(yīng)用啟動完成事件
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